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Asthma


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[Front]


What are some characteristics of chronic Asthma
[Back]


Airway inflammation Reversible airflow obstruction Increase in airway responsiveness Airway remodelling

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Asthma - Marcador

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Asthma - Detalles

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What are some characteristics of chronic Asthma
Airway inflammation Reversible airflow obstruction Increase in airway responsiveness Airway remodelling
What is the main difference between extrinsic and intrinsic asthma
Extrinsic has FH atopy where there is IgE produced on contact with normally a harmless environment, and also has a early onset compared to Intrinsic which is adult onset and is often associated with bronchitis or cold or can be exercise induced
What cell drives the process of inflammation
Th2 cells which release cytokines which attract inflammatory cells including MAST cells and eosinophils
What are the three phases of extrinsic asthma
Early ( 15 minutes ) --> cross linkages of two IgE on mast cells causing degranulation Late ( 4 hours ) --> After recovery from mediators from mast cells, then activation of macrophages and chemotaxis and eosinophils into the lining of the bronchi Prolonged hypersenstivity ( days ) --> Exaggerated response of airway after exposure , inflammatory cells in the bronchial walls continue giving loss of epithelial cells
What are some differences between a normal lung and a asthmatic lung
Airway remodelling Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle Hypertrophy of mucus glands Thickening of the basement membrane
On a spirometer, what would asthma look like?
Obstructive pattern Reduced FEV1/FVC ratio Obstructive flow volume loop
For diagnosis of asthma, what recurrent symptoms do you need to find
Wheeze Breathlessness Chest tightness Cough Variable airflow obstruction
What is some investigations that can be used for asthma
Spiromtery Allergy testing --> Skin prick or blood IgE levels Exhaled Nitricoxide Chests X-rays --> generally normal in chronic
What are some management plans for asthma
Drugs Primary prevention Education Manage life threatening asthma
What are some drugs that can be used to treat asthma
Airway relaxants : - Beta2 agonists (short & long acting) - Muscarinic antagonists (ipratropium b - Theophylline/aminophylline Anti-inflammatory agents (‘preventers’) - Corticosteroids - Leukotriene receptor antagonist
What is Status Asthmaticus
Medical emergency Where the acute severe asthma causing the airway obstruction is unresponsive to drug therapy
What causes the narrowing of the airways
Mucosal swelling Thickening of bronchial walls due to infiltration of by inflammatory cells Mucus overproduction; the mucus is also abnormal- it is thick, tenacious & slow moving --> mucus plugs Smooth muscle contraction The epithelium is shed and is incorporated into the thick mucus. The inflammation also causes hyper responsiveness of airways to nonspecific stimuli
What is the classification for severe asthma
Pulse > 110 beats per minute Respiratory rate > 25 Cannot complete sentences in a single breath PEFR - 33%-50%